Bibliography: A

Alexander, Christopher; Ishikawa, Sara; Silverstein, Murray; with Jacobson, Max; Fiksdahl-King, Ingrid; Angel, Shlomo
A Pattern Language
Oxford University Press, 1977 1171 pp., illustrated
ISBN 0-19-501919-9

Keywords:
patterns, houses of worship, funerary-cemetery-burial sites, vernacular architecture, ancient, medieval, renaissance, modern, world survey

Comment:
A massive dictionary of the vocabulary of landscape and architecture; includes everything from sacred sites and graveyards to bed alcoves and compost bins. CY

Alexander, Christopher
The Timeless Way of Building
Oxford University Press

Anati, Emmanuel
Camonica Valley
originally published in French as
La Civilisation du Val Camonica
English translation by Linda Asher
[]-, 1960; Alfred A. Knopf, 1961
LC 61-14193

Keywords:
petroglyphs, labyrinths, symbolic landscaping, religion, myth, folklore, cosmology, prehistoric, Europe

Comment:
A source book on rock carvings of prehistoric Italy; contains excellent pictures, many not reproduced elsewhere. TL

Anderson, William
Green Man: The Archetype of our Oneness with the Earth
HarperCollins 1990

Anderson, William
Holy Places of the British Isles
Ebury Press, 1983

Andrews, W. S.
Magic Squares and Cubes
Dover Publications, 1960
ISBN 0-486-20658-0

Keywords:
magic squares

Comment:
The classic work on magic squares and cubes. Wide-ranging and thorough, yet comprehensible by non-mathematicians. MZ

Archibald, R. C.
see
Hambidge, Jay
Dynamic Symmetry: The Greek Vase

Ashe, Geoffrey
The Glastonbury Tor Maze
Gothic Image, 1979
16 pp. pamphlet, b&w illustrations

Keywords:
natural sacred sites, labyrinths, symbolic landscaping, ley lines, religion, myth, folklore, cosmology, religious iconography, number symbolism, occultism, sacred site tourism, prehistoric, Europe

Comment:
Presents the hypothesis that the human-carved ridges along Galastonbury Tor originally formed a seven-ringed labyrinth utilized in prehistoric rituals. CY

Aveni, Anthony F. (editor)
Archaeoastronomy in Pre-Columian Ameria
University of Texas, 1975
436 pp.

Keywords:
archaeoastronomical observatories, cosmology, prehistoric, ancient, Latin America

Comment:
"Written by leading specialists, the papers in this volume explore the newly developed interdisciplinary field of archaeoastronomy." (dj text)

Aveni, Anthony F.
Conversing with the Planets. How Science and Myth Invented the Cosmos
Times Books, 1992
255 pp., illustrations

Keywords:
archaeoastronomical observatories, cosmology, prehistoric, ancient, medieval, world survey

Comment:
The first popular work of astronomical anthropology, Interweaves the astronomy, mythology, and anthropology of ancient cultures by showing how to discover the harmony between their beliefs and their study of the sky. Focuses on the belief systems of the Mayans, Babylonians, Chinese, and other cultures from antiquity through the Renaissance to the present. The Book Shop in Penticton, B.C.

Aveni, Anthony F. (editor)
Empires of time: Calendars, Clocks & Cultures
Basic Books, 1989
371 pp., illustrated

Keywords:
archaeoastronomical observatories, cosmology, prehistoric, ancient, world survey

Aveni, Anthony F. and [-] Urton (editors)
Ethnoastronomy and Archaeoastronomy in the American Tropics
New York Acadmy of Sciences, 1982

Keywords:
archaeoastronomical observatories, cosmology, prehistoric, ancient, Latin America

Aveni, Anthony F. (editor)
The Lines of the Nazca
American Philosophical Society, 1990

Keywords:
symbolic landscaping, prehistoric, ancient, South America

Comment:
Includes a photo mosaic of the lines that Aveni studied. SD

Aveni, Anthony F. (editor)
Native American Astronomy
University of Texas, 1979
illustrated

Keywords:
archaeoastronomical observatories, cosmology, prehistoric, ancient, America

Aveni, Anthony F. (editor)
The Sky in Mayan Literature
Oxford Univ. Press, 1992
355 pp., illustrated

Keywords:
archaeoastronomical observatories, cosmology, prehistoric, ancient, Latin America

Aveni, Anthony F.
Skywatchers of Ancient Mexico
University of Texas Press, 1980; 2nd ed. 1983
355 pp., illustrated

Keywords:
archaeoastronomical observatories, cosmology, prehistoric, ancient, Latin America

Aveni, Anthony F.
Stairways to the Stars: Skywatching in Three Great Ancient Cultures
Wiley, 1997
355 pp., illustrated

Keywords:
archaeoastronomical observatories, cosmology, prehistoric, ancient, world survey

Aveni, Anthony F. (editor)
World Archaeoastronomy
University of Cambridge Press, 1989

Keywords:
archaeoastronomical observatories, cosmology, prehistoric, ancient, world survey

[Anonymous] (attributed to Hargrave Jennings, q.v.)
Phallic Worship
Privately Printed, 1880, London

Comment:
A fine tome on phallic worship. PR

Comment:
I have not seen this volume, but for reasons that will become obvious, it is worth mentioning that it is not listed in the series advertisements for the anonymous "Nature Worship and Mystical Series" titles listed below. CY

Note: the following nine anonymous works, published under the series heading "Nature Worship and Mystical Series," are listed in chronological order of publication rather than alphabetical order, for ease of understanding their relationship to one another. Although no author is given, they were all issued in matching cream vellum bindings with red stamping and bevelled edges, limited to 500 copies. For similar works of the same era, see also entries under the authors Clifford Howard, Hargrave Jennings, and Sha Rocco. For guesses about the true identity of the author, see "Byways in Bibliography" at the end of this section.

[Anonymous] (attributed to Hargrave Jennings, q.v.)
Phallism: A Description of the Worship of Lingam-Yoni in Various Parts of the World, and in Different Ages, with an Account of Ancient and Modern Crosses, Particularly the Crux Ansata (or Handled Cross) and Other Symbols Connected with the Mysteries of Sex Worship
"Nature Worship and Mystical Series" [#1]
Privately Printed, 1889, London.
Reprinted as "Phallicism"; Privately Printed, circa 1890-91, London
viii + 107 pp., with a bibliography

Comment:
Red cover stamping: the word "Phallism." A later edition -- with different interior typesetting but matching binding -- is cover-stamped "Crux Ansata" and bears an image of an ankh. The reprint was offered for sale in later series advertisements under the title "Phallicism." CY

[Anonymous] (attributed to Hargrave Jennings, q.v.; attributed by the bibliographer Gershon Legman to the otherwise unknown Abisha S. Hudson, who is equated with the pseudonymous Sha Rocco, q.v.)
Ophiolatreia: An Account of the Rites and Mysteries Connected with the Origin, Rise, and Development of Serpent Worship in Various Parts of the Word, Enriched with Interesting Traditions, and a Full Description of the Celebrated Serpent Mounds and Temples, the Whole Forming an Exposition of One of the Phases of Phallic, or Sex Worship
"Nature Worship and Mystical Series" [#2]
Privately printed, 1889, London
viii + 103 pp.

Comment:
Red cover stamping: a caduceus. There are knotty problems associated with Legman's attribution of this title to Hudson rather than to Jennings. For details, see "Byways in Bibliography" at the end of this section. CY

[Anonymous] (attributed to Hargrave Jennings, q.v.)
Phallic Objects, Monuments, and Remains: Illustrations of the Rise and Development of the Phallic Idea (Sex Worship) and Its Embodiment in Works of Nature and Art
"Nature Worship and Mystical Series" [#3]
Privately Printed, 1889, London.
viii + 76 pp.

Comment:
Red cover stamping: a phallic-shaped tower. In the preface, the author refers to "our volumes, 'Phallism,' and 'Ophiolatreia," thus reinformcing the idea that one person wrote all the titles in this series. This volume is largely devoted to the round towers of Ireland, a subject that provides a definite thematic link between the anonymous author and Hargrave Jennings, whose book "Phallicism, Celestial and Terrestrial" also addresses the same topic. In addition, a chapter here covers Neolithic "holed stones" of Ireland. CY

[Anonymous] (attributed to Hargrave Jennings, q.v.)
Cultus Arborum: A Descriptive Account of Phallic Tree Worship with Illustrative Legends, Superstitions, ec.; Exhibiting Its Origin and Development Amongst the Eastern and Western Nations of the World, from the Earliest to Modern Times
"Nature Worship and Mystical Series" [#4]
Privately printed, [1890?], London.
??? pp.

Comment:
I do not have a copy of this one (YET!) but it is listed in the series ads as "in preparation" immediately after "Phallic Objects, Monuments, and Remains." A note in the advertisement states that "This work has a valuable bibliography which will be of the greatest use and value to the student of Ancient Faiths. It contains references to nearly five hundred works on Phallism and kindred subjects." CY

[Anonymous] (attributed to Hargrave Jennings, q.v.)
Fishes, Flowers, and Fire as Elements and Deities in the Phallic Faiths and Worship of the Ancient Religions of Greece, Babylon, Rome, India, etc., with Illustrative Myths and Legends
"Nature Worship and Mystical Series" [#5]
Privately printed, [1890?], London.
??? pp.

Comment:
I do not have a copy of this one (YET!) but it is listed in the series ads as "in preparation" immediately after "Cultus Arborum." CY

[Anonymous] (attributed to Hargrave Jennings, q.v.)
Archaic Rock Inscriptions: an Account of the Cup and Ring Marking on the Sculptural Stones of the Old and New Worlds
"Nature Worship and Mystical Series" [#6]
Privately printed, [1890?], London.
??? pp.

Comment:
I do not have a copy of this one (YET!) but it is listed in the series ads as "in preparation" immediately after "Fishes, Flowers, and Fire." CY

[Anonymous] (attributed to Hargrave Jennings, q.v.)
Nature Worship: An Account of Phallic Faiths and Practices, Ancient and Modern, Including the Adoration of the Male and Female Powers in Various Nations and the Sacti Puja of Indian Gnosticism
"Nature Worship and Mystical Series" [#7]
Privately printed, 1891, London.
105 pp.

Comment:
Red cover stamping: an Indian lingam-argha and the words "Nature Worship." The preface mentions the "exhaustion of the first edition of Phallicism [sic]" and implies that it will be reprinted. The text also refers to the author's previous books on "the Worship of Serpents, of Trees, Fishes, Flowers, Fire, etc." -- again reinforcing the claim that all titles in the series are by the same writer. CY

[Anonymous] (attributed to Hargrave Jennings, q.v.)
Phallic Miscellanies: Facts and Phases of Ancient and Modern Sex Worship, as Explained Chiefly in the Religions of India: an Appendix of Additional and Explanatory matter to the volumes Phallism, and Nature Worship
"Nature Worship and Mystical Series" [#8]
Privately printed, 1891, London
viii + 104 pp.

Comment:
Red cover stamping: the words "Phallic Miscellanies." A series advertisement notes that this is "by the author of Phallism." CY

[Anonymous] (attributed to Hargrave Jennings, q.v.)
Mysteries of the Rosie Cross, or the History of that Curious Sect of the Middle Ages, known as the Rosicrucians, with Examples of their Pretensions and Claims
"Nature Worship and Mystical Series" [#9]
Privately printed, [1891?], London.
??? pp.

Comment:
I do not have a copy of this one (YET!) but it is listed in the series ads immediately after "Phallic Miscellanies." This title, which seems off the topic of "Sex Worship," however provides a definite thematic link between the anonymous author and Hargrave Jennings, whose book "Phallicism, Celestial and Terrestrial, Heathen and Christian, Its Connexion with the Rosicrucians and the Gnostics and its Foundation in Buddhism" attempts to document the sex-worship practices of the Rosicrucians. CY

Byways in Bibliography: About the Authorship of the "Nature Worship and Mystical Series"

Advertisements and text in these books make it clear that the entire series is the work of one person. Most bibliographers attribute all nine volumes to Hargrave Jennings (q.v.), and i concur with this. The one bibliographer who believed othewrwise is Gershon Legman. He stated that "Ophiolatreia," the second volume in the set, was written by Abisha S. Hudson. Legman did not publish this theory, merely noting it on a piece of paper he slipped into his personal copy of the book in question. However, LegmanÕs stature being what it is, his little note has entered several bibliographical databases and been published in numerous bookdealersÕ catalogues.

To understand why Legman reached this conclusion, it is necessary to know that the name Sha Rocco (q.v.) appears as the author of two books similar to those listed above, namely "The Masculine Cross" and "Sexual Mythology," and that Sha Rocco -- an obvious pseudonym -- is said by some bibliographers to have been the pen-name of one Abisha S. Hudson. However, no biographical data on Abisha S. Hudson has ever come to light, and it is highly likely that this was yet another pseudonym for the author of "The Masculine Cross."

Legman probably drew the conclusion that "Ophiolatreia" was written by Rocco/Hudson because (1) the writing style is the same, (2) in one edition of "Phallism" there is an advertisement for a "cream vellum binding" edition of Sha Rocco's "The Masculine Cross" which places it before "Phallism," indicating its earlier publication date, and (3) circa 1890 edition of "The Masculine Cross" is a reprint of the 1874 Sha Rocco book bound to match the "Nature Worship and Mystical Series" titles [making it #0 in the series]. Here is what the bookdealer Peter Cockrell (antiques@cockrell.co.uk) says of this reprint:

[In] reference [to] your web page describing "Nature Worship & Mystical Series" and to your comments on the inclusion of "The Masculine Cross" in the series:
We have a copy of "Masculine Cross" which matches your description of having cream vellum bindings with red stamping and which lists, in the back, "Nature Worship & Mystical Series" -- "only a very limited number - privately printed"Ê-- and which then lists the following titles:
NATURE WORSHIP
OPHIOLATREIA
PHALLIC OBJECTS
FISHES, FLOWERS & FIRE
CULTUS ARBORUM
PHALLIC MISCELLANIES
ARCHAIC ROCK INSCRIPTIONS
MYSTERIES OF THE ROSIE CROSS.
This information would seem to place our book, very clearly, in the series.

So there are two problems with Legman's theory:

(1) "Ophiolatreia" is part of the "Nature Worship and Mystical Series" and in ads and text it is made clear that this series is the work of a single author. Thus, if the otherwse unknown Abisha S. Hudson wrote "Ophiolatreia," he would have had to have written the entire series, which Legman does not claim for him.

(2) Most bibliographers attribute the nine volume "Nature Worship and Mystical Series" set (minus ÒThe Mascuine CrossÓ) to Hargrave Jennings, but in fact the writing style and subject matter of all ten volumes in the series (including ÒThe Mascuine CrossÓ by Sha Rocco) are virtually identical to those found in Jennings' "Phallisicm, Celestial and Terrestrial," to which he affixed his real name.

Fitting this data together, it is clear that three contradictory suppositions arise:

(A) Inclusion of "The Masculine Cross" by Sha Rocco in the "Nature Worship and Mystical Series" by Jennings is an unexplained anomoly and the other nine books in the series (including "Ophiolatreia") were written by Hargrave Jennings, as most bibliographers state;

(B) Inclusion of "The Masculine Cross" by Sha Rocco in the "Nature Worship and Mystical Series" implies that Rocco/Hudson -- not Hargrave Jennings -- wrote the entire series. This theory has not been published by any bibliographers, inlcuding Legman, who merely attributed "Ophiolatreia" to Hudson;

(C) Inclusion of "The Masculine Cross" by Sha Rocco in the "Nature Worship and Mystical Series" by Jennings is a tacit admission by the author himself that the pseudonymous "Sha Rocco" who wrote "The Masculine Cross" in 1874 is none other than Hargrave Jennings, who wrote "Phallicism, Celestial and Terrestrial" in 1884 and is widely believed to have written the entire "Nature Worship and Mystical Series" of 1889-1891.

I have favoured theory (C) since first taking up this problem, but have hesitated to go up against so respected an authority as Gershon Legman. When and if further information on this one-hundred-year-old literary mystery is forthcoming, i shall present it here.

The Bibliography is organized alphabetically by author's last name

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