From tariqas-approval@world.std.com Fri Oct 17 04:51:29 1997 Received: from veracruz-gw.customer.itw.net (veracruz-gw.customer.ITW.NET [208.211.5.42]) by bay2.bjt.net (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id EAA00542 for ; Fri, 17 Oct 1997 04:51:28 -0700 Received: from europe.std.com ([199.172.62.20]) by veracruz-gw.customer.itw.net (Netscape Mail Server v2.02) with ESMTP id AAA97 for ; Fri, 17 Oct 1997 07:58:00 -0400 Received: by europe.std.com (8.7.6/BZS-8-1.0) id HAA28163; Fri, 17 Oct 1997 07:43:46 -0400 (EDT) Received: from world.std.com by europe.std.com (8.7.6/BZS-8-1.0) id HAA28155; Fri, 17 Oct 1997 07:43:42 -0400 (EDT) From: YahyaM@aol.com Received: from emout10.mail.aol.com (emout10.mx.aol.com) by world.std.com (5.65c/Spike-2.0) id AA10857; Fri, 17 Oct 1997 07:43:42 -0400 Received: (from root@localhost) by emout10.mail.aol.com (8.7.6/8.7.3/AOL-2.0.0) id HAA02093 for tariqas@world.std.com; Fri, 17 Oct 1997 07:43:41 -0400 (EDT) Date: Fri, 17 Oct 1997 07:43:41 -0400 (EDT) Message-Id: <971017074341_-1797361529@emout10.mail.aol.com> To: tariqas@world.std.com Subject: Re: ihsan & akhlaq / was Morality /was Sexuality Sender: tariqas-approval@world.std.com Precedence: list Reply-To: tariqas@world.std.com Status: RO The word ihsan in Islamic language means both "the doing of good" and "the making of beauty". It is from the root .ha' - sin - nun, which means both "good" and "beautiful". I am not aware that ihsan has ever been used as a synonym for "morality". Rather, when we speak of ihsan we are implying a context that is already assumed to be moral, and ihsan takes us to a deeper level of meaning behind the surface level of behavior. The Arabic word used for "morality" is akhlaq, the plural form of khulq or khuluq. Khuluq means "character", as in "you should be a person of good character." (not as in, "Oh that Lobster, he's such a character.") Akhlaq is from the root kha' - lam - qaf, meaning "to create." As a matter of fact, ihsan is often used as a synonym of Sufism. In Sufism there are three levels: the plane of the will (fear of God), the plane of the soul (love of God), and the plane of the intellect (gnosis of God). When we speak simply of akhlaq, good & proper conduct (obeying the divinely revealed law, the Shari`ah), that is all on the plane of the will. This level is what Sufism shares with the exoteric Muslims. Sufism begins from this foundation, and takes one to deeper levels of inner meaning. Beauty is the key meaning of ihsan.